长牡蛎外套膜组织着色区和无色区的微生物多样性比较分析

Comparative analysis of microbial diversity between coloured and colorless areas of Crassostrea gigas mantle

中文关键词:  长牡蛎  外套膜  微生物  16S rRNA

英文关键词:Crassostrea gigas  mantle  microorganism  16S rRNA

中文摘要:

      典型的开管式软体动物长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）具有开闭壳的行为习惯，易使大量海水成分进入体内。因此，海水中的微生物极易附着于长牡蛎的软体部表面。本研究利用16S rRNA对长牡蛎外套膜着色区和无色区以及其生活区域海水进行了微生物多样性比较分析。结果显示：长牡蛎外套膜表面的微生物多样性与丰富度均高于海水。在门水平上，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为长牡蛎外套膜着色与无色区的共同优势菌类，而海水中优势菌类为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）。在属水平上，主要发现了弧菌（Vibrio）、假交替单孢菌（Pseudoalteromonas）和海洋单胞菌（Marinomonas）在内的28个菌属。此外，线性判别分析（Linear discriminant analysis effect size，LeFSe）显示，外套膜着色与无色区的微生物标志物存在差异。着色区的主要标志物为螺旋体科未分类属（norank_f_Spirochaetaceae），而无色区的主要标志物为弧菌（Vibrio）。综上，长牡蛎外套膜组织表面与海水之间的微生物组成存在较大差异。尽管外套膜着色区和无色区来自同一组织，但二者之间仍存在多个微生物标志物的差异。本研究揭示了长牡蛎外套膜着色、无色区以及海水之间微生物群落差异，这为今后深入阐释不同着色组织与微生物之间的相互作用机制奠定了基础。

英文摘要:

      The typical open vascular mollusk, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), exhibits a behavior of opening and closing its shell, which easily allows a large amount of seawater to enter its body. As a result, microorganisms in the seawater readily attach to the soft tissue surfaces of the C. gigas. In this study, microbial diversity comparisons were conducted using 16S rRNA analysis between the colored and colorless areas of the C. gigas mantle tissues as well as the surrounding seawater in its habitat. The results revealed that both microbial diversity and richness on the surface of the C. gigas mantles were higher than in the seawater. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was a common dominant phylum on both the colored and colorless areas of the mantles, whereas the dominant phylum in the seawater was Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, 28 bacterial genera were identified, including Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, and Marinobacter. Furthermore, Linear Discriminant Analysis indicated the presence of microbial biomarker differences between the colored and colorless areas of the mantles. The primary biomarker for the colored area was norank_f_Spirochaetaceae, while for the colorless area, Vibrio was the major biomarker. In conclusion, significant differences exist in the microbial composition between the surface of the C. gigas mantle tissues and the surrounding seawater. Despite the colored and colorless areas originating from the same tissue of the mantles, they still exhibited differences in several microbial biomarkers. This study elucidates the variations in microbial communities among the colored and colorless areas of the mantles as well as the seawater, laying the foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms underlying interactions between different colored tissues and microorganisms.