流沙湾珍珠贝养殖区水体及微塑料表面 细菌群落结构特征

Characteristics of bacterial community structure in the water column and microplastic surface of pearl mussel culture area in Liusha Bay

中文关键词:  细菌群落  微塑料  16SrDNA  流沙湾

英文关键词:bacterial community  microplastics  16S rDNA  Liusha Bay

中文摘要:

      微塑料作为新兴的环境污染物，在海洋中广泛存在，其表面生物膜引起了科研工作者的广泛关注。本论 文以聚酰胺（PA）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）材质的微塑料为材料，开展原位定殖实验，利用16S rDNA技术分析流沙湾珍珠贝养殖区水体及不同微塑料表面细菌群落结构特征。α多样性分析显示，微塑料表面细 菌群落的丰富度和多样性显著高于水体，不同类型的微塑料表面细菌群落的丰富度和多样性也存在显著差异； 水体细菌群落主要包括变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和蓝 藻门（Cyanobacteria），而微塑料表面变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和浮霉菌门（Planctomycetota）相对丰度均增 加，表明微塑料发展成了细菌独特的栖息环境；此外，在微塑料和水体中均检测到了鱼类病原体黄杆菌 （Flavobacterium） 和布鲁氏菌（Bruegeria）等病原菌，表明微塑料可能成为潜在病原菌的载体。研究结果丰 富了水产养殖区微塑料污染的基础资料，并为海洋环境管理提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

      As one of the emerging environmental pollutants, microplastics are widely found widespread in the oceans, and their surface biofilms have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In this study, microplastics made of polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used as materials to carry out in-situ colonization experiments, and the 16SrDNA technology was used to analyze the structural characteristics of the bacterial communities in the aquaculture water bodies and microplastics in the pearl mussel culture area of Liusha Bay. The 伪-diversity analysis showed that the abundances and diversity of bacterial communities on the surface of microplastics were significantly higher than those in the aquaculture water bodies. There were significant differences in the richness and diversity of bacterial communities on the surface of different types of microplastic polymers. The bacterial communities in the aquaculture water bodies mainly consisted of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, while the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetota increased on the surface of microplastics, indicating that microplastics have developed into a unique habitat for the bacteria. In addition, pathogenic bacteria such as the fish pathogens Flavobacterium and Bruegeria sp. were detected in both microplastics and the aquaculture water bodies, suggesting that microplastics may serve as carriers for potential pathogenic bacteria. The results of this study enrich the basic information on microplastic pollution in aquaculture areas and provide a fundamental basis for marine environmental management.