孤立波越浪流对堤顶行人冲击作用研究

Study on olitary wave overtopping flow striking pedestrianon the crest of sloped dikes

中文关键词:  行人安全  孤立波  越浪  斜坡堤  冲击作用

英文关键词:pedestrian safety  solitary wave  wave overtopping  slope dike  impact effect

中文摘要:

      聚焦巨浪冲击滨海斜坡堤上行人的现象，采用基于事故原型等比例缩尺的数值模拟，将人体近似为圆柱，分析孤立波越浪流在堤顶的流层厚度特性，探究极端越浪对行人作用的水动力过程。结合量纲分析，研究入射波参数及堤顶位置等因素对行人所受作用力的影响机制，建立快速预测流层特性和人体受力的经验公式。结果表明：越浪流厚度随着波高和水深的增大而增大，在堤顶呈沿程衰减趋势，衰减程度与相对波高、相对超高呈指数关系；得出行人受到的越浪流冲击力经验公式，受力大小沿堤顶呈衰减趋势。对于有回流的复合堤，绝大多数工况下越浪回流厚度与回流力都大于冲击阶段，说明越浪回流对堤上行人构成的威胁远甚于正向冲击。

英文摘要:

      This study investigates the phenomenon of giant waves impacting pedestrians on the crest of sloped dikes. Using numerical simulations based on accident prototypes and proportional scaling, the human body is approximated as a cylinder. The thickness characteristics of the solitary wave overtopping flow on the crest of sloped dikes are analyzed, and the hydrodynamic process of extreme overtopping on pedestrians is explored. Through dimensional analysis, this study examines the influence of factors such as incident wave parameters and crest position on pedestrian forces. Empirical formulas are established to quickly predict flow layer characteristics and forces exerted on pedestrians. The results indicate that the thickness of the overtopping flow increases with wave height and water depth, and shows an attenuation trend along the crest. The degree of attenuation is exponentially related to the relative wave height and relative superelevation. The empirical formula for the force exerted by the overtopping flow on pedestrians shows a decreasing trend along the crest. For composite dikes with backflow, in most conditions, the thickness and backflow force of the overtopping return flow are greater than those observed in the initial impact stage. This finding suggests that the threat posed by overtopping backflow to pedestrians on the crest is significantly greater than that of the forward impact.