2010—2020及影响因素分析年青岛海滩剖面稳定性

Analysis of beach profile stability in Qingdao from 2010 to 2020 and the influencing factors

中文关键词:  岬湾海滩  海滩稳定性  剖面形态  人类活动  海滩管理

英文关键词:embayed beach  beach stability  profile morphology  human activities  beach management

中文摘要:

      海滩的稳定性及其演变是砂质海滩研究的重要内容。在全球砂质海滩普遍遭受侵蚀的背景下，分析部分稳定海滩的特征和原因可以为海滩维护和科学管理提供重要参考。本文基于近 11 年 （2010—2020 年） 青岛第一、第三和石老人海水浴场共 8 条典型剖面的实地监测高程数据，对海滩滩肩宽度和单宽体积进行计算对比，研究表明，除石老人海水浴场一个剖面变化较大外，其他剖面的滩肩宽度只变化了 0~14 m，是 11 年前的 0%~23.3%；单宽体积变化了 8.5~46.5 m3，是 11 年前的1.0%~9.4%；海滩剖面垂向扰动范围一般在 30~60 cm 范围内。海滩存在局部小尺度淤积或侵蚀，剖面形态总体较为稳定。海平面变化、台风和风暴潮等自然因素是海岸轻微侵蚀或调整的重要影响因素，但对海滩的优化管理 （包括定期监测海滩、适度展开养护、制定完善的管理政策和加强执行力度等人为因素） 可以应对这些海滩变化，并且已成为近年来该研究海滩保持稳定的关键因素。

英文摘要:

      The stability and evolution of sandy beaches are important contents in the beach studies. Under the background of widespread erosion of sandy beaches at home and abroad, analysis of the characteristics and causes of some stable beaches can provide important reference for beach maintenance and scientific management. Based on the elevation data of 8 typical profiles of Qingdao No.1, No.3 and Shilaoren bathing beaches in recent 11 years (2010~2020), this study calculated and compared the width of the beach berm and the unit width volume of beaches. In the 11 years, only one profile in the Shilaoren bathing beach have relative obvious width change of beach berm, the widths of other profiles has only changed by 0~14 m (0%~23.3%). The volume of unit width has only changed by 8.5~46.5 m3 (1.0%~9.4%), and the vertical disturbance range of the beach profile is generally within the range of 30~60 cm. Thus, there is only a local small-scale sedimentation or erosion on the beach, and the beach profile morphology has been stable. The slight erosion and adjustment of beaches are mainly affected by natural factors such as sea level changes, typhoons and storm surges. However, the optimal management of the beach, including regular beach monitoring, moderate maintenance, appropriate management policy and implementation, etc., is important to maintain the stability of the beach.